This master thesis describes how to price options by means of Genetic Programming. The underlying model is the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (GARCH) asset return process. The goal is to find a closed-form solution for the price of European call options where the underlying securities follow a GARCH process. Genetic Programming is used to generate the pricing function from the data. Genetic Programming is a method of producing programs just by defining a problemdependent fitness function. The resulting equation is found via a heuristic algorithm inspired by natural evolution. To ensure that a good configuration setting is used, preliminary testing of many different settings has been done, suggesting that simpler configurations are more successful in this environment. The resulting equation can be used to calculate the price of an option in the given range with minimal errors. This equation is well behaved and can be used in standard spread sheet programs. It offers a wider range of utilization or a higher accuracy, respectively than other existing approaches.
Andreas Heigl Boeken


Mit dieser Arbeit sollen die Einflußfaktoren herausgearbeitet werden, die zum unterschiedlichen Altersaufbau in den 96 Landkreisen und kreisfreien Städten in Bayern geführt haben. Der Raumordnungs- und Infrastrukturpolitik wird ein Instrumentarium an die Hand gegeben, mit dessen Hilfe unerwünschten Entwicklungen entgegengesteuert werden kann. Erkenntnisse aus der Sozialökologie und der Analyse von Lebenszyklen dienen hierbei als theoretisches Fundament, um die Ursachenstruktur regionaler Altersstrukturdifferenzen empirisch herauszuarbeiten.