Turbulent flows

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The analysis of turbulence models remains constrained to low Reynolds numbers, with only marginal improvements over direct numerical simulations. The application of these methods in complex geometries is still not well understood, indicating that significant advancements in computational power and methodology are necessary for their integration into engineering practices. The book comprises six chapters, each further divided into subchapters, sections, and subsections. Chapter 1 introduces the fundamental equations of fluid mechanics, while Chapters 2 to 4 focus on developing turbulence models. Chapter 2 addresses "engineering methods," establishing Reynolds-averaged equations and exploring the closure problem. A detailed examination of homogeneous turbulent flows follows, including a review of experimental data and modeling techniques. The eddy viscosity concept is scrutinized, leading to the discussion of popular transport equation models like the K-e model. Chapter 4 delves into Reynolds stress models, which necessitate an understanding of two-point turbulence concepts, elaborated in Chapter 3. This chapter covers two-point moments of velocity fields and their spectral transforms, as well as their dynamics, particularly focusing on homogeneous, isotropic turbulence and the relevant Kolmogorov assumptions.