The Madre della Consolazione icon in the Museum of Torcello / Venice and the relation of Russian post Byzantine iconography to Italian Renaissance painting

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This research paper critically examines the Madre della Consolazione icon, challenging previous attributions to an anonymous Cretan-Venetian painter of the 16th century. It highlights various iconographic and stylistic anomalies that undermine such claims. Additionally, the paper disputes recent suggestions that the Greek icon painter Nikolaos Zafouris is the creator of this iconographic type, arguing that his devotional works for Latin clientele should not be classified as icons. The analysis aims to provide a clearer understanding of the icon's origins and significance.