Ruth Laila Schmidt Boeken

An Essential Grammar is a reference guide to the most important aspects of the language as it is used by native speakers today.The complexities of Urdu are set out in short, readable sections. Explanations contain minimal jargon and emphasis has been placed on the aspects of Urdu that pose a particular challenge for English-speaking students.Features * language examples throughout in both Urdu script and romanization* user-friendly layout* detailed contents list* comprehensive index. An Essential Grammar presents a fresh and accessible description of the language and will prove invaluable to students at all levels.

The Shina language is a Dardic speech spoken in the mountainous regions of the upper Indus River and its tributaries in Pakistan and India, an area which extends more than eight hundred kilometers from east to west and three hundred kilometers from north to south – an area larger than Norway. It is divided into three major dialects: the Gilgiti, Kohistani and Astori. Until now, only the Gilgiti dialect has received the attention of scholars; this work is the only grammar of the Kohistani dialect, as well as the fi rst modern grammar of any Shina dialect. Table of contents: Preface Map List of Abbreviations 1. The Geographic and Historical Setting 2. The Sound System 3. Nouns and Postpositions 4. Pronouns and Deixis 5. Adjectives 6. Verbs 7. Adverbs, Participles and Verbal Nouns 8. Compound Verbs 9. Conjunctions Bibliography Index