Aktuelle Probleme der Atmungsphysiologie

The text explores various aspects of pulmonary gas exchange and regulation, focusing on the physiological and biochemical processes involved. It discusses how extreme temperatures affect air conditioning in the lungs and examines advanced imaging techniques for assessing regional gas content. The diffusion limitations in gas mixing within the lungs are analyzed, alongside the roles of carbonic anhydrases in CO2 exchange. The pulmonary diffusing capacity is evaluated through studies using labeled carbon dioxide, while the CO2 binding curve in human blood is examined in relation to hemoglobin oxygenation. Computer-assisted simulations of acid-base balance are also addressed, alongside ion distribution studies in carp. Kinetics of O2 exchange in erythrocytes are measured using the "Stopped Flow" technique, and O2 saturation times in lung capillaries are investigated. The relationship between hemoglobin oxygen affinity and physical exercise is highlighted, as well as the production site of erythropoietin in the kidneys. Clinical implications of airway obstruction and the significance of ventilation, perfusion, and diffusion distribution disorders are discussed, along with the evolving understanding of pneumonia as a disease. The regulation of respiration is examined through animal and human studies, exploring the differentiation of respiratory rhythmogenesis and the significance of post-inspiration, as well as the potential ex