True amplitude Kirchhoff migration

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An essential task in seismic reflection imaging is estimating subsurface structures from prestack data, transforming reflection events into depth domain images of reflectors. Kirchhoff migration offers a geometrically appealing approach, utilizing an integral solution of the wave equation. When applied in its original kinematic form, it yields a structural image of the target region. Additionally, Kirchhoff migration addresses amplitude-related aspects of wave propagation, enabling the assignment of physically accurate amplitude values to reflector images. In true-amplitude migration, geometrical spreading effects are removed during imaging, allowing reflector amplitudes to reflect angle-dependent reflection coefficients. Beginning with the fundamentals of wave propagation and ray theory, the text provides a comprehensive description of Kirchhoff migration. It connects the mathematical derivation of true-amplitude Kirchhoff migration to clear geometrical concepts, bridging the gap between traditional graphical migration schemes and modern analytical descriptions based on stationary-phase evaluation. The discussion also covers critical aspects for accurate amplitude recovery in depth migration, such as handling topography and irregular geometries, explained both mathematically and geometrically. Ultimately, Kirchhoff migration is integrated into a seismic reflection imaging workflow that employs the data-driven common-reflectio