Pfeil und Bogen

Finds from 521 graves and settlements allowed for the classification of arrowheads into 19 types based on blade and shaft shapes. The western types include those with broad/narrow tangs, sockets, or leaf-shaped blades, while the eastern varieties feature double- or triple-winged and tree-sided points. Technical analyses of bow-staves, arrows, strings, and shooting methods indicate that weight balance is crucial. Quivers come in three forms: round (Urnfield culture, also Hallstatt), box-shaped (Late Hallstatt), and those with cross-like fittings. Steppe-nomadic forms extend into central Europe, suggesting that trade is unlikely as these weapons require individual customization. Historical sources examine the use of bows in hunting and warfare, revealing a transition from individual combat to organized groups. The distinction between hunting and combat weapons (types 1-6, 8-10) proves challenging. Accompanying weapons vary from dagger/sword (BA C), sword/palstave (BA D), sword (Ha A-C), to lance (Ha D), with regional differences noted. Additionally, quivers in the west typically hold fewer arrows (max. 15) compared to the east, where larger quivers (up to 87 arrows) indicate different tactical approaches.