The clinical effects of specific exercise interventions in CHF and COPD patients

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End-stage conditions like chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have seen dramatic increases in mortality over the past 40 years, making them leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. They present a significant and growing economic and social burden. Exercise therapy is essential for maintaining patients' independence and functioning, as well as potentially slowing or halting disease progression. The main objectives of this research are to demonstrate the safety of various exercise modalities, identify the most effective interventions concerning clinical parameters, and establish the feasibility of outpatient rehabilitation programs for these high-risk populations. The work comprises three studies examining the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions, particularly different exercise regimes, on patients with CHF and COPD—conditions with poor prognoses. The findings indicate that various outpatient exercise interventions are safe and feasible, leading to positive adaptations in patients and a reduction in hospitalization rates. There are indications that the therapy spectrum could be significantly enhanced by specific training interventions, which also carry important financial implications for healthcare systems.