Guide to Diagnosis and Appraisal of AAR Damage to Concrete in Structures

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Introduction: 1.1 Why the need for a diagnosis document.- 1.2 Scope.- 1.3 Definitions.- 2 Alkali-Aggregate Reaction: 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Alkali.- 2.3 Aggregates.- 2.4 Water.- 2.5 Pessimum behaviour.- 2.6 Summary.- 3 Symptoms of an expansive reaction during routine inspection: 3.1 General inspection remarks.- 3.2 Review of existing records.- 3.3 Planning of a comprehensive on- site inspection.- 3.4 The routine on-site inspection.- 3.5 Concrete surface features suggestive of AAR.- 3.6 First assessment of field observations.- 4 Confirmation investigation: 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Available methods, personnel and expertise.- 4.3 Approach for diagnosis of AAR in structures.- 4.4 On-site sampling for AAR confirmation.- 4.5 Visual examination of cores.- 4.6 Petrographic examination.- 4.7 Additional tests.- 5 Severity investigation: 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Field investigation.- 5.3 Laboratory tests.- 5.4 Summary of diagnosis.- 6 Reporting: 6.1 Purpose.- 6.2 Scope.- 6.3 Objectives of the investigation.- 6.4 Information concerning the structures.- 6.5 Methods and techniques used.- 6.6 Interpretation of results.- 6.7 Conclusions.- 6.8 Author.- References.- Appendix 1. Proceedings of ICAAR.- Appendix 2. Diagnosis of AAR within an overall investigation.