Quantum Degenerate Bose Gases:

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Focusing on the unique properties of dilute Bose Einstein Condensates (BECs), this work explores the production and manipulation of Sodium BECs, leveraging their weak interactions and low temperatures. It introduces the Optically Plugged Trap for creating large, cold samples and examines the metastable characteristics of BEC states, including their vulnerability to molecular formation and the behavior of quantum vortices. Additionally, a novel optical diagnostic method for investigating a Vortex Lattice as a metastable state is presented, enhancing the understanding of superfluidity in BECs.