Psychologie und Heuristik

This book explores the foundational aspects of heuristics, beginning with pre-scientific education and heuristic rules, including their systematic organization and characterization from a scientific theory perspective. It discusses various approaches to heuristics, emphasizing research premises and the dichotomy between subject-oriented and object-oriented investigations. The work positions heuristics as a discipline within the philosophy of science, touching on invention, creativity research, and the philosophy of science itself. The text delves into problem theory, defining the characteristics of problems and their relevance in scientific inquiry, including solvability and algorithmic approaches. It addresses the fundamental heuristic problem and various interpretations surrounding it. The book also examines both objective and psychological determinants of heuristic problem-solving processes, questioning the role of logic in scientific discovery. Additionally, it outlines the features of heuristic processes and their integration into action theory, detailing the psychological aspects of activity. The levels of scientific activity are analyzed through the TOTE model, highlighting the interplay between heuristic and applied scientific activities. Finally, a model of heuristic processes in scientific work is presented, illustrating the interaction between operational and theoretical systems.