The European Union is a leading importer of wildlife products, with a legal trade valued in billions, while illegal trafficking poses significant sustainability threats. Despite substantial legal frameworks like the EU Wildlife Trade Regulations and ongoing efforts from the European Commission, illegal trade persists due to high black market prices and insufficient political awareness. A proposed action plan aims to strengthen the EU's response to wildlife crime. Addressing demand in consuming countries is crucial for long-term success in combating illegal wildlife trade.
The paper explores the critical role of transparent financial markets in fostering economic growth and investor confidence, especially in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. It emphasizes the need for equal access to information for all market participants to ensure fair price formation and prevent insider trading, which undermines trust. The research compares insider trading legislation in New Zealand, Australia, and the EU, highlighting significant jurisdictional differences and the challenges law enforcement faces in addressing this social issue.
Essay from the year 2014 in the subject Politics - International Politics -
Environmental Policy, grade: A-, University of Auckland, course: International
Environmental Law, language: English, abstract: The crucial role of the oceans
in the climate and functioning of the planet is an undeniable fact. Oceans
cover over 70 percent of the earth's surface and house a major part of global
biodiversity. Ocean ecosystems support all life on earth: they regulate the
global temperature, provide rain, food and oxygen, and they manage a certain
amount of human pollutants. Nearly 64 percent of the oceans lie far beyond the
coast of individual states. The high seas and the deep seabed, which form the
parts of the oceans that are beyond the national jurisdiction of coastal
countries, are some of the least protected areas on earth. Because of its very
low temperature, lack of light and energy-deprived character, the high seas
were long considered hostile to life. For centuries those areas beyond
national jurisdiction (ABNJ) were being treated as a virtual desert without
any sign of life or resources. Until the later decades of the twentieth
century, the deep sea with its rare organisms and unique ecosystems was
largely unexplored by humans. This resulted in a collective lack of knowledge
about the rich biodiversity and abundant resources of the high seas and the
deep seabed. In recent decades, human interest and activities outside the
limits of coastal state jurisdiction have increased. Reasons of the sudden
interest in those unknown parts of the oceans were inter alia the depletion of
fishery stocks within national jurisdiction, the expansion of global maritime
trade, the search for new resources and scientific interest in the deep sea.
New advances in technology and maritime transport made it possible for
scientists to explore the mysterious uncharted parts of the oceans. This essay
will focus on one particular part of the global biodiversity, namely the high
seas fish stocks. There is a worldwide increasing demand for seafood.
Consequently, a global industry is developed with more and bigger ships. The
increased pressure on high seas fish stocks has caused a crisis in the current
high seas fisheries management. Over 32 percent of the fish stocks are
overexploited, depleted or still recovering from depletion. Global fishing
activities will have to become subject to sustainable management measures if
we want to secure the fisheries' benefits for the long term. Sustainable
management of wild fish stocks causes beneficial effects for the economic
output, livelihoods and food security.
