Vertical reference systems

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The Symposium on Vertical Reference Systems (VeReS) was initiated during the XXII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) in Birmingham, 1999, by Professor Dr. Wolfgang Torge, a former president of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). The symposium aimed to replicate the success of a previous joint event held in Vienna in 1991, motivated by the ongoing efforts of the SIRGAS Project, which has been active since 1993 and focuses on the South American Geocentric Reference System. This project successfully established a continental reference frame of 58 stations, which was presented at the IAG Scientific Assembly in Rio de Janeiro in 1997 and has been adopted by several South American countries for their national horizontal geodetic datums. To address the challenges posed by differing vertical datums among countries, SIRGAS formed its Working Group III, "Vertical Datum," in 1997. Given the ongoing discussions about unifying vertical reference systems within IAG and other scientific communities, the symposium was dedicated to this important topic.