Metaphor, simile, culture

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A significant body of literature acknowledges that metaphors leverage similarities, yet there is limited empirical research on how individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds perceive these similarities, particularly in the straightforward format of X (target) is Y (source). This study explores the perception of similarity in metaphors among Arabic and English speakers, emphasizing how cultural distinctions between metaphors and related similes influence this perception. Recognizing that similarity is a broad concept, the research establishes three key parameters—physical, behavioral, and evaluative—to evaluate interpretations from both cultural groups. The analysis aims to address several questions: How consistently do American and Arabian university students interpret metaphors and their related similes when presented out of context? Does the gender of the target term impact metaphor interpretation? How consistently do these students attribute their interpretations to cultural origins? What cues do participants use to differentiate metaphors from non-metaphors? This work targets researchers in applied linguistics and culture, educators in multicultural environments, curriculum designers, and those who appreciate figurative language.