Biohydrogen production from organic waste and wastewater by dark fermentation

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Fossil fuels are finite, and the rise in CO2 emissions contributes to global warming, potentially causing environmental disasters. Thus, transitioning to renewable energy sources is crucial for the future. This work investigates the viability of biohydrogen production through dark fermentation as a renewable energy solution. An engineered approach was adopted to assess the technical feasibility of a process that has garnered significant attention in recent years, primarily through fundamental research on a small scale. The study begins with a comprehensive overview of anaerobic fundamentals and treatment technologies, identifying several objectives and unanswered questions regarding renewable hydrogen production. To address these, an ambitious experimental program was undertaken, focusing on three main areas: the development of a batch test system to evaluate the biohydrogen production potential of waste substrates; the realization of continuous biohydrogen production at a large lab scale with minimal regulation and control; and the integration of the process into a technical system for pilot plant operation. This final aspect also explored gas upgrading technologies and effluent treatment options, aiming to enhance the overall efficiency and sustainability of biohydrogen production.