Achieving value for money in PPP projects in Syria

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Syria faces significant challenges due to high population growth and internal migration, leading to increased demand for government infrastructure and services. With limited resources, the government has sought private sector involvement to address these needs, enhancing the investment environment and implementing economic reforms through Public Private Partnerships (PPP). However, these initiatives have not been entirely successful. An investigation into the PPP landscape in Syria, involving interviews with key stakeholders, revealed efforts to streamline processes and tackle obstacles such as capacity building, public perception, and the lack of legal frameworks. These issues have hindered the success of existing PPP projects in Latakia and Tartous Ports. To address these challenges, the author proposes two key steps: improving the relationships and responsibilities of PPP units to strengthen the institutional framework, and developing a model for the PPP process that ensures value for money through transparency. A survey was conducted to assess risk allocation, revealing that legal and organizational risks, particularly project delays, were significant concerns. The model was then applied to a case study comparing a tram option for Damascus's Green line with a government-chosen Metro option. The findings indicated that the government’s choice lacked suitability for PPP procurement, while the tram option demonstrated better