Structural studies of the fruit exudate arabinogalactans and pectin in mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel and technological options for their recovery

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Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a significant tropical fruit, yet industrial processing generates substantial amounts of underutilized peel, which has potential for upcycling, particularly in pectin recovery. However, pectin yields and quality have shown considerable variability in previous studies. To ensure efficient commercial coproduct recovery, a consistent supply of high-quality, storable peel is essential, regardless of season, fruit ripeness, cultivar, or processing methods. The initial third of this thesis presents two feasibility studies focused on optimizing the conversion of industrial mango peel waste into a storable material for extracting bioactive or functional ingredients. The primary emphasis is on the structural and macromolecular characterization of pectins and arabinogalactans in dried mango peel. The major carbohydrate polymer identified in dried mango fruit exudate was glucuronorhamnoarabinogalactan, with its structural characteristics described for the first time. The presence of this type-II arabinogalactan as a coextracted impurity in mango peel pectin was confirmed. A specially developed HPAEC-PAD method facilitated the concurrent quantification of neutral and acidic carbohydrate components. The thesis also demonstrates effective methods for obtaining pure pectins through selective precipitation and proposes an integrated utilization concept for year-round recovery of pure pectin and coproducts from d