Tempel- und Theaterbau in den Tres Galliae und den germanischen Provinzen

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In Roman Gaul, the coexistence of temples and theatres is prevalent, unlike in Germania inferior. This analysis, based on archaeological findings and about 150 building inscriptions, reveals that the integration of temple and theatre occurs in over 60 instances across urban and rural settings. This challenges the conventional separation of "profane theatres" from "ritual theatres." The evidence suggests an architectural expression of a ritual practice possibly linked to Celtic traditions, which encompassed processions, sacrifices, and theatrical performances. This connection explains the simplified scena of Gaulish theatres, designed to provide an unobstructed view of the temple, and the shift from lateral to rear entrances. Additionally, 9 out of 12 theatre building inscriptions serve as dedications to local deities or emperors. The theatres also functioned as venues for tribal assemblies, accounting for their substantial size. The absence of similar archaeological finds in Germania inferior can be attributed to the lack of tribal districts and differing cult traditions.