Fatal Discord

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This dual biography explores the rivalry between two of Europe’s greatest minds—Desiderius Erasmus and Martin Luther—whose conflict shaped enduring traditions of philosophical and religious thought. Erasmus, a key figure of the Northern Renaissance, was instrumental in transforming Europe’s intellectual and religious landscape, advocating for reform within the Catholic Church. His 1516 revised edition of the New Testament, based on original Greek texts, marked him as a prophet of enlightenment. However, his legacy has been overshadowed by Martin Luther, who, initially an admirer of Erasmus, sought a more radical transformation of the Church. Their differing visions ignited a bitter rivalry as each aimed to rally Europe to his cause. Michael Massing aims to restore Erasmus to his rightful place in Western thought, arguing that the conflict between him and Luther represents a pivotal moment in the formation of Christian humanism and evangelical Christianity. Drawing on his extensive journalistic experience, Massing revisits the early sixteenth century, highlighting how new biblical interpretations unleashed social and cultural forces that fragmented Christendom. He concludes that while Europe has embraced Erasmian humanism, America has been influenced by Luther-inspired individualism.