The Epic of Gilgamesh

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Originating from ancient Mesopotamia, this epic poem recounts the adventures of Gilgamesh, a mythological hero-king who may have been based on a historical ruler from the 27th century BC. The narrative evolved from Sumerian legends into a longer Akkadian text, preserved on 12 clay tablets from the library of Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. Known for its exploration of themes like friendship, mortality, and the quest for knowledge, it stands as one of the earliest and most significant works of literature in human history.