Consumption and Individualism in Gilles Lipovetsky

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The exploration of consumption and individualism in Lipovetsky's work identifies three phases of consumption: the rise of mass markets, the establishment of consumer society, and the era of hyper-consumption. This evolution democratizes access to consumer goods, shifting focus from family to individual desires, emphasizing material well-being and immediate gratification. Lipovetsky contrasts responsible individualism, which values laws and future implications, with irresponsible individualism, driven by fleeting pleasures. He advocates for a shift towards ethical responsibility to address the challenges posed by modern consumption and individualism.