Non-Tariff Barriers to Agricultural Trade between Turkey and the EU

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Focusing on the border effect approach within gravity models of trade, this thesis addresses the endogeneity issue and explores methods for incorporating multilateral resistance terms (MRTs). It empirically analyzes agricultural trade between Turkey and the EU, examining the impact of data pooling and aggregation. Additionally, the research converts estimated border effects into ad-valorem tariff equivalents (AVEs), highlighting the significance of accurately measuring elasticity of substitution to distinguish the effects of non-tariff barriers from the overall border effect.