The changing understanding of urban nature

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The emergence of ecology as an independent science in the mid-19th century marked a response to the social, economic, and environmental challenges exacerbated by the industrial revolution. As cities grew, architects and planners sought innovative urban concepts to address these issues. The evolution of the sustainable city concept reflects ongoing efforts to create high-quality living environments that meet societal needs. This research explores the historical development of these ideas and their relevance to contemporary urban planning and sustainable development practices.