From Macao to Havana

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The narrative revolves around the Norwegian ship Constantin, which was intricately linked to the international trade of Chinese migrant workers, known as coolies. Owned by a partnership including Jens Amundsen, father of polar explorer Roald Amundsen, the ship undertook a significant voyage from Macao to Havana in 1866, carrying 295 coolies. The captain's perspective reveals a stark reality, as he deemed the death of 16 individuals during the journey a moderate loss, initially labeling them as passengers in his correspondence with the managing owner.