PETROCARIBE, an alternative to traditional ODA.

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Focusing on Venezuela's South-South cooperation with Caribbean nations, the dissertation explores the Energy Cooperation Agreement (ECA) and PETROCARIBE as alternatives to traditional Official Development Assistance (ODA). It examines the evolution of international aid, highlighting the shift from a North-South dependency to a more diversified donor landscape, emphasizing the rise of Southern nations. While advocating for non-conditional partnerships, it argues that certain minimum requirements are essential for the effectiveness of this new form of cooperation.